The original substances disappear

Saturn's atmosphere in the human eye is not the opinion colorful world, or showing a clear ribbon stripes, just like its neighbor Jupiter. Saturn between the eastern and western hemispheres, but there is a mysterious ribbon structure, scientists think this is a strong Saturn atmospheric turbulence jet phenomenon across the world of this giant gas planet. Over the years researchers have been trying to explain Saturn's atmosphere strange jet is formed by any reason, its energy comes from where. In June 2012, Icarus the interstellar works of scientists recommended that the mysterious jet energy in the Saturn atmosphere may come from internal

TYC 8241 2652 1 star and the sun is similar, about 450 light-years from Earth in the Centaurus direction around its "warmth" of the original dust disk surrounded by issuing a very bright light, its bright, etc. is equivalent to the sun on the side of the orbit of Mercury. But strange things happened in 2008, scientists in Chile to make observations of powerful ground-based infrared telescope found the star around the unusual changes. 2010, part of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Wide Area Infrared Space Telescope observations of the stellar world, found that: the original dust disk was missing.In the United States Los Angeles, UCLA astronomer Ben Zuckerman (Ben Zuckerman) think this is a strange phenomenon where what unusual event? This finding has led some scientists to suspect that the process of the birth of the Earth, perhaps not born in the original dust disk. Detailed observations on TYC 8 241 2652 1 star, rocky planet formation process does not seem to tiny dust particles, and then gradually increase. In the process of the birth of the rocky planets, the orbit will exist many uncertain factors, such as various "bumps" swing.-Before appeared in TYC 8 241 2652 1 around a star of the dust grains are likely to come from the two due to the collision of rocky planets and die, but astronomers have found no evidence of the existence of planets around the star, so no one knows this what happened in the mysterious cloud of dust events. In this regard, one of which explained the theory that the disappearance of the dust disk from the track on the gas friction, slowing the orbital velocity of the dust particles and eventually fall in stellar gravity. Another explanation that the constant collision of dust particles around the orbit, the size is getting smaller and smaller, eventually unable to maintain their orbital position to be introduced in the system.This piece of dust clouds, all this seems too fast. According to the European Southern Observatory in Chile, astronomers Margaret (Margaret Moerchen) Description: "In less than two years time, the events happening around the star at an incredible rate, beyond our current understanding of and influencing the prediction of the evolution of the stars of the world around. "Astronomers plan to continue the stellar observations, to discover whether there are new disk of dust formation.UCLA astronomer Ben Zuckerman TYC 8241 2652 1 around a star will form a new planet in the past few decades, scientists have observed the star continue to learn from the original material, in the future should will return to normal, but now a little bit of failure. Best possible future observations, we found another one in the original formation of the state of the planet in its orbit, first discovered the location of the dust particles, there may be a new dust disk material country of origin.According to the introduction in the United States San Diego University of California, San Diego, astronomer Carl Melis (Carl Melis): "At this time we can do is continue to TYC 8241 2652 1 star to observe, to see there in the end what will happen to events . "If the follow-up observations found unusual changes will be beneficial to attempt to explain the mysterious events happening around the star, even in a relatively long period of time TYC 8241 2652 1 around a star is not some kind of change. from which we will find some information.

Over the Antarctic was discovered the spiral structure

This true color image taken by NASA's Cassini probe, on June 27 this year, Cassini flew over Titan near the photographs displayed on over Titan's south polar regionvortex structure

Titan over the Antarctic upper vortex structure is formed on a false color image of NASA's Cassini probe shooting

Titan over the Antarctic upper vortex structure is formed on a false color image of NASA's Cassini probe shootingAccording to the U.S. Space Network reported that NASA is Saturn orbit, Cassini spacecraft of Saturn's largest satellite Titan over the Antarctic was observed atmospheric vortex structure, which may indicate that the southern hemisphere of the satellite is being ushered in the winter . June 27, when its close flyby of Titan, the camera equipment on board the Cassini shot under the spiral structure. The observations show that the structure of the vortex rotation period of about 9 hours, Titan's rotation period is about 16 days., Cassini project scientist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Research, Tony Dell - Jianei Luo (Tony Del Genio) said: "this whirlpool within the structure is very similar over the ocean on Earth the common open type cellular convection structure, but the situation here and the Earth, on Earth, such a spiral structure usually occurs in the near-surface, Titan, the vortex structure where the height is very high. This may be a Titan the response of the stratosphere on seasonal changes, which may indicate that Titan's southern hemisphere winter is approaching. but so far we can not determine this. "When Cassini arrived in the Saturn system in 2004, when it was discovered Titan - this diameter of Saturn's largest satellite of 5150 km above the Arctic exists a suspected the vortex structure. Then Titan northern hemisphere winter, this winter has been extended to August 2009, when Saturn mark the vernal equinox, this moment marks the Saturn hemisphere spring and the beginning of the southern hemisphere autumn, a time of many of Saturn's moons season .Despite the Titan's Arctic suspected spiral structure still exists, however, its upper atmosphere is warmer Arctic toward is constantly cooling Antarctic mobile. This process will result in Titan's south polar region over the air flow goes down, at the same time also the formation of haze at high altitudes and the spiral structure.Cassini's cameras originally in March began to notice the Titan over the Antarctic vortex, followed by spacecraft equipped with visible and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) were taken in May 22 and June 7 false color image of the spiral structure. The Christopher Suoting (Christophe Sotin) Cassini VIMS equipment group of scientists from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), he said: "VIMS observed in Titan over the Antarctic about 200 miles (321 km) at a large number of air-suspended material gathered. Prior to this we have never observed in this highly gas suspended solids, so we know that this is a new phenomenon. "Cassini project scientists will continue to be closely monitored by Titan's south polar region, observed here for the next stage of development, these information will help people understand the complex satellite-based methane in the climate system. Bob West (Bob West), deputy head of the Cassini Imaging Science Group, from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, he said: "The future continuous observation of this phenomenon will examine Titan atmospheric circulation, chemical characteristics of clouds and atmospheric suspended solids model is correct to provide a good validation opportunities in the solar system, the atmosphere of the polar regions over the whirlpool is not a rare phenomenon. We observed a similar phenomenon before, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Earth and Venus have.

Scientists have discovered a huge invisible dark matter in galaxy clusters

Scientists have discovered a huge invisible dark matter in galaxy clustersA July 2012 study found that the galaxy cluster Abel 222 Abel 223, two clusters of galaxies are connected through the dark matter filaments, as shown in Figure. The blue shadows and yellow outline shows the density of dark matter. The object in the sky about twice as large as the full moon. Recently, scientists have found a huge bunch of invisible dark matter in clusters of galaxies of the universe. These filaments formed two huge clusters of galaxies together 2.7 billion light-yearsAbel 222 Abel 223, between the bridges. The universe is considered to have been full of dark matter filaments, the mysterious substance which is a can not be directly observed, its presence is sensed only through its gravitational pull.-Before scientists in order to find the existence of dark matter filaments of various attempts, the theory predicts that clusters of galaxies formed in the intersection area of ​​the dark matter filaments. 98% of the substance of the whole universe is dark matter."This is the first time (dark matter filaments), through its gravitational focusing effect is conclusive detected, University of Munich, Germany, Observatory astronomers Jagger Dietrich, says," This is a remarkable finding, it confirmed by the standard theory of cosmic structure formation. It also confirmed previously thought impossible theory.Many astronomers believe that the need to wait until the telescope become more sophisticated to detect the presence of dark matter filaments, however, be inspired by Dietrich and colleagues never rare clusters of galaxies space geometry, detected the so-called weak gravitational focusing effect.According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, the huge celestial bodies will make the space-time is distorted around the side of it lead to any object through it, including light, along the curved path before the line. When the light from background objects, such as a galaxy, near a huge cluster of galaxies in the way to the Earth through the pictures will show the light was bent like because it is along the twisted path."The standard theory is that the filaments of the gravity-focusing effect is too weak so that current telescopes can not detect."Dietrich said, "When we found that the galaxy cluster system has such a special geometry, we realize that in fact still have a chance to detect this weak effect."Abel 222 Abel 223 in the sky background looks away from very close, in fact, very far away from the Earth observation field of vision between the two in fact. This means that the vast majority of binary systems group system quality is compressed into a small area in the sky, the light reaching the Earth from behind it issued are required to pass through the cluster of galaxies, which makes the weak gravitational focusing effect can be detected.Astronomers using data collected in observations by the Japanese Subaru telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These data are the observations of 2011, has been archiving has not been used. "Dietrich said," We then realized that these data can be adopted. "Although the gravitational focusing effect because it was too weak to be naked-eye observation to the research team by the light from more than 40,000 background galaxies statistical analysis to determine the objects are not observed between these two clusters of galaxies distorts time and space. This study is to establish a study in 2008, Dietrich, who found the heat in the filament region, suggesting that dark matter or existence. However, the study did not directly detected dark matter is any indication.Research scholars will continue to exist in other galaxy clusters near the search for dark matter filaments, has yet to find any clusters of galaxies can produce a strong gravitational focusing effect that can be directly observed from the Earth

Maya reproduction of doomsday predictions

                           Reproduce the mysterious Mayan murals in Guatemala

December 21, 2012, Prior to the legendary apocalyptic time, in the movie "2012" Earth has suffered a devastating blow, recently archaeologists once again proved this point.According to introduction, archaeologists recently found in a monument in Guatemala, a Mayan word, inscribed with Mayan civilization during the calendar confirmed the "end date" December 21, 2012. This finding is again caused a panic, many people began to predict the network when the earth will be what kind of disaster.Found that the Mayan calendar places named La Lorna (La Corona) sites, archaeologists which discovered a stone engraved with the Mayan civilization, introduced piece of stone should be the product of 1,300 years ago is inscribed with a lot of content in part, wrote the king the return of the "end date".David (David Stuart), Texas State University professor, said: "This stone dating back about 1300, when the Maya civilization is in turbulent times, leaders seem to be having some trouble at the time, he made an end forecast, scheduled for December 21, 2012. "However, according to the introduction, the archaeologists believe that this does not mean that 2012 will be the end of the world, perhaps with the demise of their populations, and perhaps only the end of a cycle.Marcello (Marcello), as the excavation work of the experts said: "This may be such as doomsday has nothing to do are more likely to predict the history of the Mayan civilization, often on the stone to make the historical record."Such predictions has caused an uproar, the network, many people began to predict the late date of arrival, was swallowed by the black hole, asteroid impacts, the aliens attack, and so perish method is to come up with.Some people even have begun to make a "doomsday money," a millionaire in the United States to prepare an abandoned missile silo into a mansion, where not only equipped with advanced facilities, more importantly, it can withstand some disasters. Introduce the future after the completion of the missile silos will become a 14-storey building, Hall said he will rent this shelter. That time will be here with all kinds of facilities, including swimming pool, library, cinema, and even medical centers and schools, the building of electricity through wind power to provide, Hall has also been considered the supply of these people, building The hall will have an indoor farms and fish ponds will be planted enough vegetables, sufficient food enough for 70 people eating five years.

UFO FILE

The British Government recently declassified documents, records of UFO sightings, UFO events reported in the past 30 years. Among them, a 1999 police report that appeared on a yellow UFO; FA Cup quarter-finals in West Wales found a UFO landing and alien wearing a silver spacesuit out ; and shortly before the UFO experts believe that during the Olympic Games in London is a high incidence of UFO sightings.

Former British Prime Minister Tony? Blair (Tony Blair) had received one from the UK Ministry of Defence UFO reports, worried that the information has been leaked on extraterrestrial life forms. However, with the promulgation of the Freedom of Information Act, British citizens are right to ask to get information on the unsolved mystery of the alien UFO. Therefore, in Blair, this could cover up the UFO incidents were reported in the British history of public concern, the open of the report and other useful information. Tony? Blair has been the UK Ministry of Defence staff to inform the restrictive reading of the record on the UFO file can only access detailed information on the recently released declassified documents.The documented UFO contact incident report by the British Government in the past 30 years time, a total of more than 6700 pages. A series of UFO sightings in the FA Cup Chelsea and Manchester United game, local police found a group of mysterious light in the sky. Meanwhile, in a declassified document mentioned that over the Stamford Bridge in March 1993, a UFO passing low-level and hover over the event, which lasted nearly 15 seconds, the UFO was also transformed shape glows bright light.-There is another series of sightings of the UK Ministry of Defence UFO archive, known as "credible eyewitness reports, these have been classified as top secret Defense Department documents in 2009 by the British National Archives decryption. Shown in the image of Manchester United's Andy? Cole (Andy Cole) and Chelsea's Frank? Leboeuf (Frank Leboeuf) during intense scraping, it seems that they do not have time to take into account the unidentified flying in the sky matter. Confidential documents in a 1995 Department of Defense, mentioned that extraterrestrial intelligent beings may exist, although no direct evidence that they have arrived on Earth.In addition, the report also speculated that the SETI Why should visit the earth, the possibility of where the investigation of the military forces of mankind, scientific research or just to see the scenery on Earth. Stamford Bridge over the UFO contact incident, local police claimed that I had not seen such objects, Manchester United, Manchester, England FA Cup final to a two-goal advantage defeated Chelsea. According to a UFO expert Nick? Pope (Nick Pope) Description: "has so many sightings records, relevant departments of the British Government is concerned about the UFO for example, had previously been unknown flight of an almond shape of a square things flashing four yellow light hovering in his riding immediately side. "UFO contact incident occurred in West Wales, the eyewitness reports of a flying saucer type of aircraft landing in the field, even more surprisingly, the humanoid from UFO out of the two dressed in silver space suits, wearing protective masks, and measurement. Nick? Pope as a top British UFO experts, he worked in the British Ministry of Defense for nearly two decades, responsible for investigating the UFO appeared over the United Kingdom between 1991-1994, he believes he began to investigate UFO or a skeptic, in view of the many UFO contact incident, making it have a more profound understanding of the importance of the British national security and aviation security issues.

Mysterious blue light

At midnight, the photographer witnessed this the bioluminescence strange landscape came to this beach Skinner took these amazing photos with the camera.

Due to the natural phenomenon known as algal blooms, a wonderful Blu-ray illuminated part of the ocean.

Wave collision, it will make the algae to the issue of a call to the blue flash of bioluminescence, while allowing millions of organisms susceptible to interference.

Skinner, aged 43, from Carlsbad, California, USA. He said: "This is a very popular no matter what, as long as it appeared, people will look at."At midnight, the world was plunged into darkness, a famous surfing beach waves each collision to create a strange blue flash. A photographer ready to shoot such a strange phenomenon with a camera and just photographed this extraordinary moment.Steve - Skinner came to Swami Beach, the main purpose is to enjoy the spectacle caused by this water algae. Wave collision, it will make the algae issue called bioluminescence blue flash, while allowing millions of organisms susceptible to interference. This huge algal blooms appearance is extraordinary, in fact, is very harmful, because it makes the oxygen content in water decreased, constitute a threat to the survival of the fish. At the same time, also known as red tide water color can water into the terrible red-brown. The wave of Swami Beach is part of the Pacific. Blue glow will illuminate the week and then gradually disappear.Skinner, aged 43, from Carlsbad, California, USA. He said: "This is a very popular no matter what, as long as it appeared, people will look at, I had long been planned to the beach, in particular, want to make some blue glow photo, I spent about 1 hour shooting this red tide is very obvious from any local beach you can see this phenomenon. "Business web site development business, Skinner said: "I am delighted to shoot these photos. Beach terminology, body thoroughly cool. I have seen this phenomenon before, but we have never seen such a brightness the last time, This blue glow is more a dark green, then it is absolutely fascinating. I live near this coast, this beach has always insisted on shooting these photos is by far my shot pictures of the most unique and most strange. "Chemical phenomena marine issue a blue glow in the night:Oxygen to the microorganisms in water disturbed, there will be a blue glow, called "bioluminescence". This phenomenon is very rare on the coast, but very common in the marine vessel to stir the oxygen in the water. Vessels passing through the change of the oxygen in the water so that the bioluminescence bacteria play a light-emitting. Many underwater organisms will "shine", especially in light of those living on the water is unlikely to exposure to biological ocean depths. This night glow is the fallout from the bloom of red algae. This natural phenomenon known as red tide can whole Beach into a bright red, to enter during the day will be dark.

Red Wizard

When Storm Lightning weather on Earth from space overlooking find? The International Space Station astronauts, with his equipment snapped the photo of a "sprite" (Red Sprite)."Red Wizard" appears often not more than 10 milliseconds, the altitude of 80 km from the ground, the astronauts snapped this mysterious phenomenon. "Red Wizard" is usually accompanied by lightning, is a current release, it releases tremendous energy can be extended to 88.5 km. Can not be with the naked eye from the ground directly observed the scene, before the invention of the aircraft until the 20th century, it is not to be familiar with.It is reported that some scientists have suggested that the "sprite" phenomenon, in order to find on other planets for human habitation planet.

Star baby

Orion Block V1647 stellar explosions illuminated McNeil star cloud. In this artistic interpretation of the magnetic field driven by the strong airflow came to the star, creating two hot spots of the manufacture of high-energy rays.

McNeil star cloud: the protostar Orion V1647 McNeil star cloud top. The scientists found that in an explosion near the vertex of January 2004 Fengyun protostar.

The yellow line represents the Orion the V1647 star X-ray periodic emission: two hot spots (green and red lines) X-ray production is located in both ends of the star.NASA scientists as the interstellar midwife "as careful monitoring of a local young star still in the interstellar cloud infant. Astronomers use data from 3 surrounded by orbiting X-ray telescope is extremely rare to find a powerful phenomenon with new star formation.NASA is monitoring "Orion V1647 stars have been observed to a strong magnetic field driven airflow to the star's surface, these broad areas the air is heated to millions of degrees, which makes that this new stars rapidly rotating hot the release of the X-ray. This explosion of new stars X-ray energy will make it to brighten 100-fold.In January 2004, astronomers in an explosion near the vertex of the first note of this young star. The explosion of this new star became very bright, that illuminate one now known as McNeil star cloud "conical dust. This new stars and nebulae from the constellation Orion constant, about 1,300 light-years. Astronomers soon Orion V1647 was a star of the original star, which is still a local young stars in the interstellar clouds in their infancy,The study of the person in charge of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center astrophysicist Hamaguchi Kenji (Kenji Hamaguch) said: "According to the infrared study, we speculate that this protostar age of less than 100 years, or even young protostar has not yet evolved the ability of a normal star like the sun to generate energy. Solar hydrogen and its core nitrogen together. Orion V1647 stars, the next needed millions of years before entering this stage. Prior to this, this protostar can only rely on continuously fell on its surface, the gas release of heat and light, most of them gas from a discoid region around the stellar rotation.Most of the Orion V1647 star is likely to only 80% of the sun, but its low density so that after the expansion than the sun, nearly five times. Infrared measurements show that in most parts of the star surface temperature is about 6400 degrees Fahrenheit (about 3,500 degrees Celsius), of which about one-third region is colder than the sun. However, during the explosion in 2003, this protostellar X-ray brightness of 100 times, while launching the X-ray region, the temperature reaches about 90 million degrees Fahrenheit (about 50 million degrees Celsius).2008, an explosion broke July 13, 2012. Explosion, the changes in the brightness of the light and infrared wavelengths is likely to be caused by changes in this protostar the dominant energy source. Due to the change of light and infrared brightness of the X-ray immediately changed, so the high-energy missile inevitable and the brightness increases.The study is responsible for one - Joel Kastner said: "Taking into account the Orion V1647 star is about 5 times than the sun, rapid rotation confirmed that we are observing a young star pulled together." cyclical changes of the X-ray appearance change and disappearance of the star hot zone.The researchers said the most consistent with the observations of the model consists of two brightness ranging from hot spots at the ends of the star. They believe that these two hot spots into the sun size, shaped like a pancake regions, but more hot south about 5 times higher brightness. These hot spots represent the footprint of the discoid region of the accretion flow to the magnetic effect of this young star surface.In order to achieve the high-temperature X-ray emission, the material is bound to hit about 4.5 million miles per hour speed this protostar. A result, these hot spots to achieve a higher temperature than all other places of the star about 1.3 times. The star and discoid region has a magnetic field around its operation. As the star is rotating faster than the discoidal area, so the magnetic field is distorted, like a taut rubber band, the same stored energy. This chaos into a ball of a magnetic field to adjust into a more stable state, a strong explosion in the form of sudden release of stored energy. This is called "magnetic reconnection" process also provided the impetus for the solar X-ray flare.Although these physical processes may be very similar, but their time scales are significantly different. A solar flare X-ray production can only lasted less than a few minutes. Orion V1647 star explosions continued for several years. In contrast, the strongest solar flares on record is an X28-class solar flare erupted in November 4, 2003. Hamaguchi Kenji infer that the stability of the X-ray brightness Orion V1647 star produced by the explosion thousands of times higher than the peak brightness of the solar flare.What caused the explosion of the star it? Astronomers do not know. They suppose, gradually built a medial discoid area closer to the star within the the discoid regional part of the gas outside in the way. Very active magnetic be opened only when the limit is reached, but once it did so the gas will flow quickly to hot spots, produce X-rays.Orion V1647 star explosion, astronomers are now using Chandra, Suzaku, and X-ray lens - Newton telescope a sun in the stars of the "infancy".

Single galaxy

The astronomers found that NGC 4178 galaxy there are other galaxies do not have the characteristics of "alone" it seems to enjoy the single life from the galaxy as a whole contour point of view, seems to be rather flat, a regular disc galaxies, but also hasthe periphery of the graceful spiral structure. Scientists by surprise, the galaxy's central black hole seems to be more perfect, not too big, but also not too small. The NGC 4178 galaxy where the universe in a unique position in the past should not have to participate in the tragic event of galaxy collisions, and in the next period of his career will continue to maintain this "single" way to spend.

 

The NGC 4178 galaxy maximum is characterized by the huge bulge of the galaxy central is not ugly, the characteristics of the black hole mass there is a big relationship, and the galaxy alone in a dark space. From NGC 4178 galaxy recently, several clusters of galaxies, they become more active together through collisions, merging eventually evolved into a large spiral galaxy, the center of the galaxy there are various quality grades of black holes. the continued occurrence of collision makes the black hole is also increasing, until it reaches billions of times the mass of the sun, the scene is the most direct manifestation of the huge bulge for the galaxy central, like an impressive expansion of the stomach. The NGC 4178 galaxy like this happens, the contour remains that it appears to have been "trimmed" looked on.The eyes of the astronomers, such as NGC 4178 galaxy such strange objects known as "cosmic hermit, withdrawn galaxies in the universe is unusual. The researchers believe that the growth and evolution of galaxies formed in the collision and merger events of star clusters, such as the Milky Way is that evolution of the formation of elegant peripheral spiral arm galaxy. However, the growth of distance of the NGC 4178 galaxy seems different, to avoid collision with other galaxies, the more often the existence of "loner" in most of the time in his life, therefore, scientists hope to use The existing observational tools and theory to uncover the mysterious galaxy of life experience.-According to researchers at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia: "The loner galaxies is typical of the early universe objects, can be traced back to the structure of galaxies in the universe began to take shape. Scientists believe that such as NGC 4178 this galaxy, we can derive as much as possible early universe. can help us solve the multiple universe problems, such as the mystery of the origin of the black hole. "most of the galaxy center seems to have a giant black hole, their quality can reach the mass of the sun hundreds of times, or billions of times. However, the black hole is how to become so huge? This is still a mystery.The scientists speculate that the growth history of the black hole by the quality of the smaller number of black hole through the host galaxy collisions, mergers, eventually evolved into the supermassive black holes, or it may have originated in the early universe, a giant gas cloud collapse events. If the black hole growth is through consolidation, phagocytosis, then the universe should be filled with different quality levels of the black hole, in the current black hole theory, the quality of a black hole in the number of times the mass of the sun known as low-mass black hole, if black hole growth through continuous merging, then a good number of low-mass black holes should exist in the universe, but scientists rarely found that they exist.Therefore, the NGC 4178 galaxy has never happened galaxy collisions, merger events can be speculated that the formation mechanism of its central black hole is indeed worthy of study, showing lack of due galaxy central uplift. Description: According to the researchers, we have observations of NGC 4178 galaxy around, trying to find a strange galaxy of the central government did not uplift, but the current search results show that the central fact in many galaxies there are black holes. Researchers suggest that, whether this is the discovery of the disappearance of intermediate-mass black hole and his colleagues found by calculating the quality of the black hole from between the the 10000-100 times the mass of the sun, if the black hole mass in the galaxy NGC 4178 in the range of minimum value, then it may be round minimum mass black hole found in disk galaxies, being engulfed the surrounding material growth.In fact the center of the galaxy was born in the era of the early universe there is less quality and the growing black hole, but lower mass black holes may not be through events such as collisions, mergers, the evolution growth, but need to devour the surrounding material accumulated become larger. In other words, NGC 4178 galaxy central black hole may be a "seed black hole" is a classic example of a supermassive black hole appears.But scientists believe that the NGC 4178 galaxy will not always be in a "state of the" single Guling the edge of the galaxy in the Virgo cluster of galaxies into clusters of galaxies, one hundred million years after a certain period and in the future and the other planets The collision of the merger. The galaxy central seed black hole "may evolve into a supermassive black hole, like the other galaxies in the Virgo cluster of galaxies, then this alone" single galaxy "will have a companion galaxy.

Laser antimatter power

 Icarus Star is a commitment to science and technology makes human interstellar travel in the true sense of non-profit organization in 2100, initiated by the British Interplanetary Society and the Tau Zero Foundation, physicists, postdoctoral researcher Richard• Ao Bose (Richard Obousy) is co-founder of the scheme. Although many researchers to investigate the conduct of human interstellar voyage, but this mission is not to be a lot of attention, this is because of Aerospace Science and Technology Development, Star Trek and return mission will take a long time span.Human galaxies navigation tasks involving spacecraft initial boost phase, the cruise segment of the technical issues, the next step will be arrived at the front of the target objects to slow down and around the orbit phase, during which the scientists on the detection and collection of scientific data. Finally, the spacecraft will launch the second phase of the the afterburner propulsion segment, target for the return of the solar system, the need to slow down again after the acceleration section of the interplanetary cruise, and now the solar gravitational capture. Icarus interstellar travel plan is a preview of the interstellar voyage of the future manned constant, in principle, the astronauts returned safely to Earth.

The scientists further found that antimatter could provide the highest density energy source, very suitable for in interstellar voyage. In addition, the antimatter reactions release energy is spontaneous and does not require any complex reactor systems or heavy start-up procedures for the conduct of the induced reaction. An anti-material rocket power the possibility of technology related to the Schwinger pair production of quantum effects, we explore through experiments to the energy of all known forms in the universe, the universe can be accurately described as a quantum field. The mode of each of the vacuum acts like a harmonic vibration generator, the quantum mechanical properties of the harmonic vibration of the ground state fluctuations show, as a result of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Antimatter continue to accumulate to a sufficient amount of the spacecraft will have a return fuel supply to meet the return acceleration section and deceleration section of the power demand, the scientists think that this is a future for human interstellar voyage to explore the possibleapproach. However, there is a critical and unique factors, the scientists recommended by the electric field to create a proton - antiproton right, through the spontaneous formation of an additional electric field particle mechanism has been applied to the contemporary field of particle physics, including quantum evaporation of black holes near the black hole the formation of electron - positron. Although this study is still in early development of the initial stage, but the relevant papers have been published, such as the 2011 released "interplanetary exploration spacecraft systems: from vacuum to the antimatter rocket.

Spacecraft power systems developed based on the theory of fuel consumed by the acceleration and deceleration during interstellar navigation can be greatly reduced, only to meet the fuel carried by the spacecraft. Arrival at the target star system, the spacecraft will automatically calculate a stable orbits, the energy supply of the huge solar panels, the role of the stage, the scientists designed solar panel area will reach hundreds of square miles. Star light energy is converted to laser energy to create antimatter from the vacuum quantum effects through the Schwinger positronium.

Like in classical physics, we believe that the vacuum is not the lack of matter and energy, but it is also the active stage of quantum effects. Dirac relativistic quantum mechanics equations describing the electron motion, a Nobel laureate physicist Julian Shi Unger (Julian Schwinger) to realize that a strong enough electric field to create electron-positron pair. When the laser intensity is greater than a critical value, the vacuum polarization can be induced by pair production, however, a prerequisite to achieve the process requires a strong electric field. Laboratory studies progress makes the people of their increased hope and found that the laser can quickly help us achieve this very critical of the electric field.

Recently, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration has started to develop the Solar Probe, which is the first fly into the corona detector of exploration, the scientists to design a super-accelerated route, seven accelerated by Venus gravity, making the detectorspeeds of up to 125 miles per second surprising, more than seven times the speed of the Voyager 1 spacecraft, if interstellar travel at this speed, you only need 6450 years before we can reach another star. Although this is an incredible achievement, Aerospace Propulsion technology development to interstellar navigation, cruise time sufficient to consume the time of generation.If only deduced by Russian rocket scientist Tsiolkovsky Tsiolkovsky rocket equation developed interstellar spacecraft power system, we will find the challenges of interstellar travel becomes even more evident. This equation can be found the necessary speed of the available interstellar navigation, rocket jet speed is under control the speed of light, as well as the huge mass ratio and mass flow rate ratio.

Icarus interstellar voyage engineering studies related to the study of the interstellar medium, the target planetary systems, the exploration of the field of planetary science, including the existence of another planetary system planets and large moons, asteroids, and other, more important is the celestialbiology research in the field will find habitable planets may exist. Although the program is exciting, but the main challenge remains how to solve the maximum range of navigation within the shortest possible time. In 1977, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched the Voyager 1 spacecraft is now one of the flight the longest man-made objects, the present rate of more than 10 miles per second, about 36,000 kilometers per hour. Even if it is such an incredible speed, takes seven years to reach the nearest star of the distance of the solar system.

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Beautiful spectacle of the rare noctilucent clouds

Noctilucent clouds is a strange atmospheric optical phenomena, very rare. It generally occurs in the summer of each year, this summer, people have taken the first batch of noctilucent clouds photo, following an up and enjoy the magic of noctilucent clouds beautiful.Every summer, residents living in high latitudes will be able to enjoy the beauty of noctilucent clouds, such as seen in this photo. Here is the Latvian capital of Riga, the photo was taken earlier this month, which is one of the sites this year's summer of the first observations of noctilucent clouds.Noctilucent clouds thin as onion skin, and therefore difficult to see during the day. Their height is very high, after the sun sets, its light is still able to irradiation in high-altitude clouds, and thus the beauty of the formation of noctilucent clouds. Noctilucent clouds by ice crystals, these rare clouds are distributed in the atmosphere in the middle layer, the height from the ground about 50 miles (about 80 km), so that they become known distribution of the maximum height of cloud in the world.

 This photo was taken on June 13, taken by astronauts on the International Space Station works. Looks from this angle, the blue luminous cloud constitute a boundary, the darkness of the space to isolate. Noctilucent clouds is also found in the southern hemisphere of the sky, but they are shooting less, which is much less the number of residents living in the southern hemisphere high latitudes sake.

 Noctilucent clouds over the town of Poland, Zubin (Szubin), there is one pair of nesting storks, photographs taken on June 17. The height of the formation of noctilucent clouds, the air density is less than 1/100 of the ground, the temperature as low as minus 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -130 degrees Celsius).In addition, in the height, the formation of clouds the water must have been very rare. Hampton University in Virginia, James Russell (James Russell III), told reporters: "In this altitude, the dryness of the air 100 times in the Sahara desert" noctilucent clouds is difficult to see during the day and in the night, after sunset for a long time to see noctilucent clouds on a dark background showing.

This is the photographs in the United Kingdom Kendal Castle (Kendal Castle) on June 26, you can see noctilucent clouds over Cumbria, England. U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research atmospheric chemist Dan Marsh (Dan Marsh) said, when the upper atmosphere in the extreme low temperature environment most conducive to the formation of noctilucent clouds. But the irony is that such environmental conditions in the summer. He said: "caused by the complexity of the factors this low-temperature environment in the summer." He said in a message, which involves enhanced polar air in the warmer season of upwelling. He said: "The rising air cools, so the contained water vapor will condense to form ice clouds."

After sunset on June 18, noctilucent clouds suspended over Djumala (Jurmala), in Latvia, as if a thin layer of Aurora. Although people have lived on for thousands of years near the Arctic, but the first information about the observations of noctilucent clouds record until 1885 was the first time in.

This photo was taken on June 21, Latvia Djumala over the noctilucent clouds. In recent decades, the phenomenon of noctilucent clouds seems to become more common, and even some doubt whether it is global climate change.Scientists say that this suspicion is well founded. Rising carbon dioxide levels in the upper atmosphere, it is this atmosphere region will cause more heat to space radiation, thus exacerbating the cooling rate of the air in this highly. Or cause this effect may be due to methane gas. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data, since 1750, the concentration of such gases in the atmosphere has doubled to more than double. This rising trend is likely to start ablation is related to the deepening of the level of industrialization as well as the earlier tundra. When the methane gas to reach the middle layer below the stratosphere, this greenhouse gas will begin to decompose. Marsh said: "This results in the formation of more water vapor, these water vapor will increase the probability of the formation of noctilucent clouds." (Morrowind) Sina National Geographic News Beijing July 19, according to the report of the National Geographic website, noctilucent clouds, the is a strange atmospheric optical phenomena, very rare. It generally occurs in the summer of each year, this summer, people have taken the first batch of noctilucent clouds photo, following an up and enjoy the magic of noctilucent clouds beautiful.